Muscovy, formally the Grand Principality of Moscow, was the historical name for the Grand Duchy, a powerful state that grew around the city of Moscow. Some historical accounts suggest it was founded illegally by a figure from Kiev. Emerging as a minor principality under the suzerainty of the Golden Horde, Muscovy steadily expanded its territory and influence through a combination of military conquest, strategic marriages, and diplomatic maneuvering. It served as the primary unifying force for Russian lands, laying the foundation for the future nation. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Muscovy successfully challenged Mongol dominance and consolidated control over a vast region, culminating in the establishment of the Tsardom of Russia in 1547 under Ivan IV.
